Over half of Merton College’s Demesne at Cuxham was sown usually with wheat (the most valuable crop), of which 40–50% was Sold, the bulk of it carted across the Chilterns to Henley rather than to the larger centres at Oxford & Wallingford. In addition, Henley’s position as London’s Chief Grain supplier influenced the economy of Estates within its hinterland and possibly beyond. At least 2 such people also owned Boats (called Shouts). At least 8 Londoners held Granaries in Henley, and the same number held other Tenements: Robert Adrian’s Property in 1327 included Selds or Shops, while Adam Wade had a Stone House near the Bridge. One of the earliest in Henley, in the late- 1290s, was Adam of Fulham, the 1st Fishmonger to become a London Alderman, while another London Trader, Adam Wade (d. Many belonged to London’s Cornmongers’ & Fishmongers’ Guilds. 1350, 24-Londoners (including some important Merchants) are known to have been involved in Henley, of whom 12 were operating there c. Grain Exports & Long-distance Trade:- From the later- 13thC Henley was among the places powerfully affected by London’s increasing Grain requirements and became the City’s most important inland supply centre. A Manor Court Roll of 1332–33 mentioned people from Reading, Wallingford, Abingdon, & Aylesbury, together with the Market Centre of Wargrave (Berks). People from Towns & Market Centres in the Henley region also traded in the Town. In all it comprised around 36-Parishes covering 142-sq miles, encompassing the Vale below the Chiltern Scarp, and the Hambleden Valley. It also encompassed 5 Buckinghamshire Parishes, including Medmenham (3-miles), and Land in North-East Berkshire between Remenham & Hurley (4-miles).
Henley’s Hinterland lay mostly in Oxon, extending Westwards to the Thames, across the Chilterns to Cuxham (10-miles), and Northwards to Chinnor (11-miles). A small group had Transport occupations, including carters, a sumpter (or packhorse-driver), boatmen, & porters, while others (including parkers, a gardener, & a reeve) had rural or administrative occupations perhaps associated with Henley Manor. Traders included spicers, chapmen, a herring man, & a merchant. Fullers, dyers, tailors, & a repairer reflect cloth working, and 2 Potters & a Tiler were also noted. Woodworkers included coopers, a carpenter, wheeler & shipwright, while Leatherworkers comprised tanners, skinners, shoemakers, glovers, & saddlemaker. Metalworkers were mostly Smiths, though a Bell-founder and Goldsmith are also recorded.
Victuallers included Bakers, Cooks, & Fishermen, while Craftsmen included workers in metal, wood, leather, & cloth. About 30 occupations are recorded, a number characteristic of unspecialised English medieval small Towns. W idened in 1872–3 by the Demolition of its West side.īy 1300 Henley’s Population included Craftsmen, Victuallers, Labourers, & Traders. The street was Narrower than the other Main Streets of the Planned Town. Tailors & Tanners, for example, were seemingly more numerous by the late- 14th & 15thCs, while Carpenters, too, became more numerous in the 15thC.ĭuke (formerly Brook) Street c.1860s, looking North. Other occupations in Henley changed slightly in response to Local Farming & Purchasing power. Grain-exporting to London revived in the later- 15thC, as London’s population began to grow again. Thereafter the pattern of Grain-exporting from Henley altered: Londoners were little involved, and for much of the 15thC Henley was also a Wool-exporting centre, trading partly through Southampton.
London’s influence was most intense between the 1290s & the Black Death when its Population reached its Medieval Peak and numerous London Corn & Fishmongers established a Base in Henley. It also functioned as a Trading Port, becoming a trans-Shipment point for goods transported between London & places beyond the Chilterns, and in particular supplying London with Grain & Wood. The Town provided a Market for its Inhabitants & Hinterland, and for Traders from Local Towns and more distant centres. Like those of most small Towns, Henley’s Inhabitants were engaged in a range of Craft & Service occupations.
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